Book type-writer.



- 16. W. DONNIN'G. BOOK TYPE WRITER.

' APPLIUA'IIOK IILBD JUNE 6, 1899,

Patented Sept. 13, 1910.

23 wii W/TNESSES G. W. DONNING.

BOOK TYPE WRITER.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 6, 1899.

Patented Sept. 13,1910.

Go we, flung,

WYQQW Z? G. W. DO'NNING.

BOOK TYPE WRITER.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 6, 1899. 970, 1 95. Patented Sept. 13, 1910.

- 11 BHEETS-SHEET 3.

amvemto'c Gum/"e13 G. W. DONNING.

BOOK TYPE WRITER.

APPLIGATION FILED JUNE 6, 1899.

Patented Sept. 13, 1910.

11 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

Snoenlo-a Geo n32 W. o n n M5 7115 Ottoman G. W. DONNING. BOOK TYPE WRhER. APPLXOATIOH FILED 11111:: e, 1899.

G. W. DONNING.

BOOK TYPE WRITER.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 6,1899.

Patented Sept. 13, 1910.

11 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

Witnesses G. W. DONNING,

BOOK TYPE WRITER.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 6, 1899.

Patented Sept. 13, 1910.

11 SHEETSSHEET 7 awmutoiz wvflwaoocd 3 G OYS winmxvung,

g? EL: Out/ 014mm,-

G. W. DONNING.

BOOK TYPE WRITER.

APPLIUATION FILED JUNE 6, 1899. 970,1 95 Patented Sept. 13, 1910.

11 SHEETS-SHEET 8.

auwwboz WWW/3m v I 7/ Geo WDmm m "Z We m z- G. W. DONNING.

BOOK TYPE WRITER.

APPLIGATION FILED JUNE 6, 1899.

Patented Sept. 13, 1910.

ll SHEETS-SHEET 9.

G. W. DONNING.

BOOK TYPE WRITER.

APPLICATION IILED JUNE 6,1899.

970,195. Patented Sept. 13, 1910.

11 sums-sum 10.

Elwuentoz his atmmlq- Gaovge Banning,

wacwm Q v 4 un v QUT'QQ/ O 9 G. W. DDNNING.

BOOK TYPE WRITER.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 6, 1399.

Patented Sept 13, I910.

11 SHEETS-SHEET 11.

a mf- UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE W. DONNING, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOB, BY DIRECT AND MESNE ASSIGN- MENTS, F FIFTY ONE-HUNDREDTHS TO HARRY T. AMBROSE, OF EAST ORANGE,

NEW JERSEY.

BOOK TYPE-WRITER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 13, 1910.

- To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE W. DONNING, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Book.

Type-\Vriters; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in theart to which it appertains to make and use the same.

The object of the invention is to present a typewriter'(now known in the art as a fiat-platen typewriter), in which there are two traveling carriages,.]ooth spring-driven to efiect their travel, with escape mechanisms for controlling such travel, one trav'eling in a'lateral direction for letter-spacing, (and which herein will be designated the writing-mechanism) and the other traveling in'a longitudinal direction for line-spacing, the laterally-traveling carriage being supported on and movable (in the direction of line-spacing) with the,longitudinally-travelin carriage, in combination with an underlying fiat-platen; the longitudinally-traveling carriagt being suspended from tracks or guides and, thus, positioning the writingmechanism (which is particularly arranged for the purpose, as hereinafter described) in such manner over the platen that a clear and unobstructed field, across the sheet being written upon, is presented, thereby enabling the operator to inspect the work and, also, make any necessary corrections: furthermore, to present,'in connection with the sus; pended writing-mechanism, an underlying, laterally-travehng book-support, with means for positioning one with relation to the other; furthermore, to present carbon-carrying devices arranged for positioning carbonsheets over the fiat platen; furthermore, to present work-holders for confining a sheet of writing-material on the platen; furthermore, to presentwriting-mechanism comprising a .typebar having pivoted at its outer end a type-head carrying a plurality of typecharacters, with means for shifting said head to a pliirality of positions, means for holding the same in its several shiftable positions, and means for effecting return of the head to normal position after having been shifted therefrom;

With these objects in view, the invention resides in various novel details of constructions and arrangements of parts, as' will hereinafter be more fully described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, and in which l1ke letters of reference indicate corresponding parts, Ihave illustrated some of the embodinents of my invention; arid, in these drawmgs: Figure '1 is a view in perspective, of one embodiment of my invention, showing the laterally and longitudinally traveling carriages, the tracks from which they are suspended, and flat platen pivoted to the track-frame. Fig. 2 is a view in side elevation, partly 1n section, of the construction shown in Fig. 1, and showing in detail, the,

mechanism for raising and lowering thetrack-frame, and machine. Fig. 3 is a detail view in perspective, of the carboncarrying skeleton frame, attached to the track rail of the usual form of book-typewriting machine. Fig. 1- is a view' in perspective of a slightly modified embodiment of my inventiomshowing the laterally and longitudinally-traveling carriages, the

tracks from which they are suspended, the

fiat platen, a carbon-carrying frame roectmg over the platen, and the underlymg,

laterally-traveling platform or book-support, with the device for elevating the same toward and away from the writing-mechanism; Fig. 2 is a detached, detail view of the said carbon-carrying frame overlying the platen; Fig. 3 is a'similar view of another carbon-carrying frame not shown in Fig. 1,

Fig. 4 is a view, in front elevation, of the form of machine illustrated in Fig. 1*; Fig.

is a view, in side elevation, thereof; Fig. 6 IS a view, in perspectlve, of a modified form wherein the writing mechanism is capable of being elevated relative to the laterally-traveling book-rest which, in this instance, has no movement in a vertical direction;'-Fig. 7

a view in side elevation thereof; Fig. 9 is a vview, in perspective, of another modification, wherein the book-support is omitted; Fig. 10 is a view in sideelevation thereof;

Fig. 11 is a view in perspective of the caris a view in front elevation thereof; Fig.8 is i vation, showing, more particularly, the writing-mechanism-carriage; Fig. '13 is a detail viewofv the ribbon-mechanism thereof; Fig. 14,is a view in side elevation of the writingmechanism, parts being omitted or broken away more clearly to-show the form and disposition of the typebars and their operatingdevices; Fig.

- its shifting, retention,

1s a detached, detail viewof a ty ebar showing. more gra hically its mova ble hbad "and'the. devices gdreffecting and returnmo normal position and Fig. 16 is a similar view of the mechanism for efiecting travel of the line- 'travels- Asshown in Fig. 1,'the rear stan'dards are constructed of two parts, hinged together, the platen being pivotally connected to the fixed portion of the standards, so

' as to permit lifting or tilting of the tracks,

relative to the platen, and the tracks and platen are further adapted to be moved together by the mechanism shown in Fig. 2. The tracks a are each provided with a rib 0*, adapted to be engaged by the sheaves or is mounted the rack-carryin erred character, comprises a spring-operat tion. An. ad'ustable stop,

rollers a, which are mounted in the frame A carrying the typewriting mechanism.

The frame A shown in Fig. 1, is preferably rectangular in form, and provided at its rear with two depending arms a, in which bar a, upon which the rear portion of t 1e machine is supported. The front part of the machine is supportedby the bar a,

carried by the frame A, and sheaves a carried by the typewriting' mechanism, engage said rod and thereby facilitate the lateral, movementof the machine. The mechanism by which the 'step-by-ste'p lateral movement, is im maybe of any preand in the resent instance,

ed gear-wheel a, the teeth of which mesh with rack-teeth arranged onthe upper side of the bar a". An ordinary spiral spring housed in a barrel partedto the carriage,

a, serves'to impart movement to the gear.

at", the operation of the parts being the same as in similar machines 0 the usual construcfor regulating the length'of a 'ne, an alarm-bell, and-escapement dog are provided and'o erate as in ma- "chines of ordlnary form. 11 order to impart intermittent, stepbystep, forward movement tothe-carriage, for line-spacing,

I provide a shaft a the ends of which are journaled in the arms a? ofthe frame A, as appearing in Figs. 1' and 2. The shaft carries two' barrels a in which are housed ordinary spiral springs, the ends of described."

the shaft, adjacent to the barrels a1Six having secured thereto gears a arranged to mesh with teeth a on the underside of the tracks a. At one end of the shaft 01 is attached a ratchet-wheel a which is engaged and controlled by a double-toothed pawl a carried by a lever pivotally secured to the frame A By alternately raising and lowering the lever, the pawls will release the ratchet-wheel, and permit the carriage to move forward, ste -by-step, for each line..

After the carriage reaches the limit of its forward movement, the same is repositioned by belng pushed to the rear, which movement places the springs inbarrels a under tension, suflicient to move the carriage, as A designates the successive banks of key-levers in gradually increasing lengths and curves, as shown, in order that the'writing may be seen readily from the front of the machine, and that the carriage may be as close to the platen as practicable.

.Th'e ribbon-shifting mechanism, b% which two or more colored ribbons. may used,

spools, and to which is secured a rack-bar a. A pinion (Bf is mounted on a shaft a,

for engagement with the aforementioned rack.. The shaft (1, is provided, at its upper end, with a pinion a,'which is engaged includes a frame. for carrying ,the ribbon by a similar pinion a", mounted at one end of the shafta which .carries, at its other end, an indicator, a, comprising a semi-circular disk bearing on its face the means, or indications, ofthe different ribbons employed. To afford meansfor readil elevating the achine as a whole, connected with the standards a, as shown in Fig; 2K The frame A is of suitable form, for convenience and appearance, and carries a downward-projecting extension a", to the carrying skeletonframe pivotally attached to some portion of the track-frame. Inthis mounted the rod A.

lower end of which is connected a-lever a. The lever a is provided with a in or pro- 'jection'a, adapted to engage wit a pivoted rack a, to hold the machine at the desired elevation. In Fig. 3', I have shown a means for obtaining manifold copies of a sheetwritten upon, the same including a carboninst-ance, A designates a. portion of the frame, ofthat ty e of machine in which the tracks rest direct y on the platen. Secured to the frame A are lugs At", in which is A is the skeleton frame, mounted on the rod A by means of the lugs A*.

I provide a frame A,

.The frame A may be con- 1 structed of wire, or any -other desirable ma terial, to which is secured the ma'nifolding sheet, either carbon paper, or other fabric havin a suitable ink ap lied thereto. The manifgilding sheet may frame in any desired manner, as, for i n' stance, by winding the same upon the rods attached to the that the carbon-carrying frame. may be at tached to any portion of the track-frame,

. as for, instance, at the front thereof, when the elevated tracks are employed, as will be more fully described hereinafter.

Reference is to be had, now, to Figs. 1,-

2, 3", and 4 to 8 inclusive, showing a somewhat modified embodiment of my invention, and, in which A designates the table -upon which the machine is supported. B designates the two carriage-supporting tracks or guides, each of which, in this instance, comprises, preferably, a front and a rear standard b and a connecting-portion I). Between the two front standards, (as shownin Figs. 1, 2, 6,9, and 11) extends a crossbar b which normally rests upon the top of the table A. The rear standards preferably comprise a vertical portion '12 and a hinge-member b the member I) being secured'to the table top A, and being con.- nected to the vertical portion 6 by ahinge b, and by this arrangement the rails are rendered tiltable. Byconstituting the rails on the standards, said rails are; normally above and independentof the parts below.

Upon the top of the connecting-portion b of said rail is a spline or rib. b and at the rear port-ion are carria -abutments b. Overlying the table-top is a, platen C, which at itsv rear is pivoted at a to the hingemember b to permit of its being tilted when I the tracks are tilted, or independently thereof; and, at its front, rests on a ledge or flange b formed on the cross-bar b theplaten bei g cut away on its front end at c to, engage aid ledge or flange b". -The tilting of the platen-and the rails may beaccomplished by this, arrangement, simultaneously; that is-to say, whenthe rails are elevated, the platen "which rests thereon at in which arrangement thejtraeks are in the page of. an underlying boo i cussed, which,by being suspended from the. r tracks is suflicientlly its front end, as described, will be raised therewith. The tiltin of the platen, however, may, of coiirse, accomplished independent of, and without tilting the rails,

The rails are'supported over the platen and to one side thereof and donot rest thereon}.

The objectof utilizing this arrangement of track-rails, to wit, rails which occupy a plane considerably above the platen, is to provide for a free field of operation at,and

contiguous to, the edge of the platen, as dis-' tinguished from aconstruction whereinrthe track-rails rest on the surface of the platen,

of a away way of easy andproper positioning :overan om the platen; furthermore to provide against the danger of contacting with, or

writsmearin of, the pageby the traveling d ing-mec anism, hereinafter more ful y removed from. the

a e to obviate any sue danger. Upon the 1 c band edge of the platen Cjs. a 1011 'tudina] I graduated scale a constituting a inc-indicator, the ed ga -abutment 0% As shown in Figs. 1*, 5

an 8,: the platen is provided near its frontand 'rear geswith transverse slots 0 c, and contiguous to theseislots are spindles,

supported, respectively, on bracket 0", 0

the spindlesbeing provided on their ends,

to one side of said brackets, with knurled of which scale constitutes a heads a for rotating the spindles whichare designed to carry a web X, Fig. 1, to be I fed through said slots and across the platen,

such feeding being effected by turning the spindles in the proper direction. Hinged or otherwise pivoted over the platen is a two eyes or lugs 0", through holes in which extends a supportingrbail 0 arranged in posts 0"", 0 secured either to a suitable bar or rail, such as to the crossbar 6 as shown in Figs. '1, 2", 7 ;8, 9, and 10, or

carbon-carrying member 0 in this instance, a frame carrying at its pivotal end to abar or rail '0 extending lon 'tudinally of the platen, as in Fi 1, 6 an 11. This member 0' is design normally to overlie the platen as shown; but, when it is desired toralse the platen, or in order toelevate'the carbon-web a" which itcarries, it is tilt-able on its pivot. The front and rear sides of the frame, being 'ofa suflicient'width for the purpose, are provided with transverse slots 0, a", through which the carbon-web is passed from the carbon carrying spindles 0", o tsupported in brackets 0 0? securedto the lower face of-said. frame, said s indles ractice,"the carbon-carrying spindleswoul 'beso arranged that they would be, each, below the :plane of laten, as, for instance, to 1 the face of the one side of an e ge of the platen, in order that the frame itself might be permitted -to 'lie' flatly upon the upper surface of the platen, and constitute a work-confinin detioned atan desired -point,=and'tiltab eat, anytime an position. In

vice. It-is operable independent 0 -the platen or the track rails.

' In lieu of thisform of -earbon=carrying device and work-holder, or'in conjunction therewith .-I may employ the form illus.

trated in igs. 3 and 9, and. 10,whichfisa three-sidedmember comprising a body-portion a, with two extending arms-c ke, on

b may be secured a sheet ofjcarbtin c,

.to rest upon the in a standard secured, in this instance, to

the floor. By pressing with the foot on said treadle, the rod 0 is raised, which raises the three-sided member up and away from the platen (as shown in Fig. 10) in order that a Work-sheet, such as a folded statement blank or billing form, be quickly and readily inserted thereunder; so that one portion of said billing-form will overlie the carbon- Web and the under portion underlie the same, and when elevated, separates the carbon from the paper. As additional means of confining the work-sheet on the platen, I mayemploy the spring-clamps 0 c ",which may be disposed in a preferred position to operate upon the platen, as in Fig. 1, or asin Fig. 9. The clamp 0 is supported on the bridge 0 which carries a spring 0 This clamp is operated by hand. The clam c differs from 0 in that it is operate through the depending rod 0 (which penetrates the tabletop) by the foot-treadle 0 pivoted on the standard a.

Referring to Figs. 1 4, 5, 6', 7, and 8: Underlying. the platen is a one-leaf sliding platform, or book-support or l'eaf D sustained on two transverse incut guides or angulatedways d, d, ease of manipulation of the support or leaf in its travel on said guides being facilitatedby the employment. of sheaves or rollers d d disposed in slots,

cl", (1 in the leaf and running on the angulated portion of the guides. As shown in Figs. 1, 4 and 5, there is rovidedan arran ement wherein the boo -support is capab e of being elevated and depressed relative to the underside of the platen, which, in this embodiment, is relatively stationary; whereas, in Figs. 6, 7 and 8, there is an arrangement wherein the latch and trackrails are movable vertica ly and the booksupport is relatively stationary,-.as will now be more'fully described.

-Referri ng now to the embodiment of Figs. 1%, 4 and 5: The elevating-mechanism of c said .book-su port comprises a frame composed of re iating-arms d, d, which connect with said leaf supporting guides 'd,d, and a downward-pro ecting extension d with which connects, at its lower end, one end of a foot-treadle piece d", fulcrumed on a standard d", and contiguous to which is a pawl (i pivoted at its lower 'end to said standard and provided with teeth d designed to engage a pin (1 on the treadlepiece (1. The treadle, with the extension d and the radiating arms dengaging the leafsupports, constitutes a means whereby the book-support may be raised to or lowered from the platen, as desired, to position the book, according to its thickness, relative to the platen. It is to be understood that one side of the book lies on the leaf D, underneath the platen, and one of its pages is folded over the upper surface of the same, as shown in Fig. 1 As the page is changed and the f book becomes thicker on the one side, it becomes necessary to de ress the book-supportto allow therefor, 311$ the support-positioning device, just described, is brought into use. When the desired position of the parts is secured, a tooth on the pawl engages the pin d and holds, that is, locks, the parts in proper position. Whena page on the opposite side of the book is to be written on, the book-support is pushed over -to carry the book to the other side of the platen. In lieu of thisarran'gement, I may elect to construct the book-support without means for elevating it, so that it shall have no movement in a vertical direction (though, of course, it would be capable of lateral travel, as already described, to facilitate. positioning of the book to one or the other side of the platen); and provide for elevating the platen and rails vertically, whereby handling of the book is permitted and the increasin or decreasing thickness of the book allowe for. To this end, therefore, I utilize I the same form of lifting device for raising the tracks and platen as has just been described for positioning the book-support vertically, and comprising radiating arms and running into a downward-projecting extension I), which, at its lower end, is pivoted to a rocking-lever b pivoted on a standard I),

and extending downward to a hand-piece b, to be operated by hand, in which articular it differs from the book-supportifting-device, though it is to be understood that I may employ the foot or-the hand-lever in either case. To hold and lock the lever b in position, a pawl b pivoted on the standard 6 is disposed to engage a pin b in the manner already described. B reason of the platen being hinged to the rail -standards at the rear, and restin on the cross-bar at the front, the platen will be raised with the rails. By the liftin -mechanisms, already described, I am enab ed to raise either the book-support, or the rails and platen to predetermined heights relative one with the other, and there is thus provided means for elevating the book-support, or the tracksand platen, as the case may be, one relativeto the other, combined with means for lockin the same in any desired position, combin with a laterally-travelingbook-support;

Designed to travel ontheelevated B'lS a llne-spaclng-carrlageE comprlsing a rectangular frame composed of two side members 6, e, a rear cross-bar e anda front cross-bar 6 In the side-members are slots e, e, in which are journaled. V-shaped sheaves, rollers or wheels e a, designed to traverse the ribs b on the rails. Depending from the side-members at the rear ends thereof, are plates 6, 6", between which extends, at the rear, a rack' or feed-bar and,

also a-transverse shaft e which is 'ournaled in said plates and on each end of which, con tiguous to, and on the inside, of, said plates e, is a toothed wheel 6 designed to engage a rack 6 on the underside-of each rail B (Figs. 1 and 16). The shaft e carries also, at or near its ends, contiguous to the gears e barrels 9 in which are housed carriagepropelling means, in the form of clockspringsE On the right-hand end of said shaft, outside of said plate a, is a ratchet: wheel 6 designed to be operated by a twothrow two-pronged pawl 6 extending into a lever e pivoted on the side member 6. It is to be understood that the mechanism just described elfects a step-by-step travel of the line-spacing carriage E, for linespacing. By alternately raising and depressing the pawl-lever, the members thereof will alternately release the ratchet wheel, and thus eil'ect forward travel of the carriage, ina step-by-step motion,'under the impulse of the propelling-spring already referred to. lVhen the carriage has reached the limit of its forward travel, the said springs will, while the carriage is being pushed back, again be placed under the requisite tension to effect forward travel of the carriage. I

To enable the operator to determine where to position the carriage at any particular or desired line, I provide a line-finder or indi catcr c pivoted about centrallyon a down ward-extending piece 6 depending from the left-hand side-member e, and comprising a pointer (arranged to traverse the longitudinal gra luated scale a at theedge ofthe platen, as already described), an operatmg-handle e", and a transverse scaleportion e extending over the platen and i pivotally supported at its other end on adetravel of the line-spacing1 pending piece e similar to the piece 6". The graduations on sa1d scale-portion corof the line-spacing carriage E, hereinafter referred to. The carriageabutment's' b already described as arranged at the rear of the body-portion b of the rails, limit the carriage to the rear and serve, also, to old. the carriage when the rails are tilted. Sus ended from theline-spacing carria e E an designed to travel transversely o the platen, is the respond to those on a transverse letter-" space scale e supported on the portion fl i spring-driven letter-spacingcarriage F 'comprising a semi-circular frame 1, to which is attached, at the front, brackets f carrying rollers or wheels f f designe to traverse the front cross-bar e of the line-spacing carriage, and, at the rear, brackets f, f* carrying rollers or wheels f f designed to travel on the upper face of the rear crossbar e I do not, in this application, set up any particular form of escapemechanism for effecting an intermittent, step bystep movement to said letter-spacing carriage,-

the form being that in common use on machines on the market; but for purposes of illustration to exhibit the preferred disposition thereof, I show a pinion. f, keyed on the short shaft fl and designedto mesh with the rack-bar e which extends between the plates a (see Fig. 10). On said shaft f is a ratchet-wheel f to be engaged by any appropriate form of controlling-device,

whereby the travel of the carriage for letterspacing, under the impulse of any" suitable carriage-propellingpower may be governed. In this instance, the mechanism for driving the pinion f consists of an ordinary clockspring 5' housed in a barrel 6, the latter being,as shown arranged midway ofthe machine and bac of the type-bars, hereinafter to be described, and below the pivotal points of the key-levers, also hereinafter to be described, and being thus disposed, utilizes space to advantage. The said spring, by

being connected to the pinion-shaft f", is

placed under tension when the carriage is moved to the left, as usual, and exerts its force to impart the desired step-by-step travel of the carriage, for letter-spacing. Traversing the said rack-bar, and engaging the smooth surface thereof are a pair of wheels or rollers f f and another air f; f, carried by brackets f, f, ese parts of wheels or rollers serving to support and steady the letter-spacing carriage during its'travel over the platen. Adjustably disposedon the rack-bar e is a marginal carriageor limit-stop f", for regulating the width of the lines. At the opposite end of the rack-bar e is bell-devicef as "usual,

designed to'be tripped and sounded by the lateral travel of the carriage.

The transverse scale 6 already referred to, is mounted on the line-spacing carriageframe and extends the entire width thereof. Juxtapo'sed thereto and traveling with the letter-spacing carriage, is a letter pointer ated, in a manner similar to the raduations on the scale member 0" .which hes ad acent to the upper surface of the platen, so. that the operator, having noted the printing point indicated, by the scale e may then The'said transverse scale 6 is gradu-' move the carriage to the proper position,

indicated by the scale 6 relative to the pointer 6 on the longitudinal scale 0 By means of the said transverse and longitudi-- nal scales, proper lining up of the work on the platen is accomplished.

In the letter-spacing carriage, are arranged the type-bars G and the key-levers, H, the keys k, h, h of the latter being arranged in banks, as shown in Figs. 1, 4, and 5, and, also, so as to leave an open central space, at the front, to permit vision of the printing area'hf. In other words, in order that the writing may easily be read from the front of the machine after the ribbon-device (hereinafter described) has been projected-sufficiently to the rear to expose the writing-line, and, further, that the letterspacing carriage may be arranged as close to the platen as practicable, thereby to obviate the objection inherent insome machines of this character, wherein the keys are elevated at such height above the platen as to render it necessary for the arms of the operator to v be held in practically horizontal position,'I

' are supporte 'furcated for t e arrange the successive banks of key-levers in gradually increasing lengths and curves; that is to say, the levers of the first or highest row of keys will be shortest and least curved, those of the next row progressively longer and of greater curve, and so onthroughout as many keys as may be emplo ed. Spacekeys h, at op osite sides of sai open space, on key-levers, like those for operating the type-bars, and, in any suitable way, through contact with any preferred form of universal bar. (not shown), connecting with the letter-escape-mechanism already adverted to. These key-levers are pivoted at their extremities on the frame f (Figs. 14 and 15). y

The typebars G, are disposed in a semi circle, to conform with the said carriageframe f and connect with the key-levers through a connecting wire 9, which engages with the lever at h in advance of the fulcrum-point of the latter, and with the typebar at 9 somewhat above the pivotal-polnt of the typebar. The ty e bar is pivoted upon a bar 9 which is he (1 by the supporting-plate or member 9*. The typebar car ries, on its up er or free end, which is biurposes, a type-carrying head g pivotally isposed on the bar, which is preferably bent forward, as shown; The head carries a plurality of type-characters, in this instance, three, though a greater or lesser number may, of course, be disposed- .thereon. Where t re :1 figure -type or any arbitrary character.

As usual in multiple type-bearing bars, the lower-case type will always be in position to contact with the sheet to be written upon The typebars may be ronstructed of any suitable material, combining lightness and strength.

Upon the upper periphery of'the head is a trip-arm or projection 9 extending vertically when the bar is in its normal, upright position. A spring 9 is secured, at its one end, to the head and engages, at its other end, with the curved portion of the bar G, at g. The rear periphery ofthe head is provided with three flat faces, 9

corresponding to the three typecharacters disposedon the opposite periph-- .ery of the head. Pivoted between the bifurcated members (between which, also, the headis disposed) atg is a pawl g which, at its upper end, engages one or, another of said flat faces gt", 9, 9 and, to retain the head in proper operative position, a spring g (secured to the front face of the typebar at g, and engaging the lower end 9 of the'pawl) serves to maintain the pawl in such engaged position. To actuate the pawl against the stress of its spring 9 and per mit the head (after being shifted to one of its plurality of printing positions) to return to normal posit1on, I provide, for each pawl, aresetter member g, constituting a projection from, or lug on, the inside faceof the plate It will be understood that when the typebar has returned to its upright, normal position, the resetter-Inember g will be projected between the bifurcations of the upper end of the bar and engage the lower end of the pawl and rock it on its pivot to throw its upper end out of contact with the head which, under the action of the headreturning spring 9 (which, during the shiftin of the head, has been placed under tension reshifts the head and again presents the lower-case type to normal position. Thereafter, when the bar is actuated to print, the moment the awl is I disengaged from its resetter-mem er g, it ,will

en age a flat face on the head-and serve to ho d the head from any tendency to'shift itself. 1

Arranged, normally, above the plane of travel of the trip-army, isthe head-shiftins'j mounted. on the member J. The mom ers are, respectively, operated by'keylevers, I and J which will herein be deslgnated, respectively, the cap-key and the figkey. The said cap-key I connects with the shifter-member I, through a link 1?, and the fig-key with the shifter-member J through a link It is to be noted that the shiftertel-letter on. the head. In the meantime, the

' ward .the printing-point.

members I andJ are arranged in alinement relative to the travel of the type-head to- Now, when the cap-key, I is depressed, theshifter-member is depressed from a position normally out of the path of travel of the trip-arm g into such path in order that said trip-arm g will engage the shifter-member'I and,

as it continues its arc of movement, effect a shifting of the head to present the capipawl g has engaged the head, as already described, and serves to retain it in such shifted position until disengaged, as previously set forth. Now, byreason of the fact that the shifter-member J, in being less removed from the position of the trip-arm g, will be in contact with said trip-arm for a period more extended than that-of the engagement of the shiftermember I with said trip-arm, a greater shifting of the head occurs, and, thus, a figure-character is presented, the other operation of the pawl, etc.,

' ing the spools.

being the same as Just described. By reason of the members I and J being connected by means of the pins 7', movement of the mem ber J effects movement of the member I also, so that, if by anyfailure the head is not given its full shift fora figure-character duringthe engagement of the trip-arm g".

with the shifter-member J, it will be fully actuated if it engages the shifter-member I.

the arrangement described, the typehead is shifted toward the beginning of the downward stroke of the typebar.

Supported on the letter-spacing carriage is the ribbon mechanism K, comprising a circular frame K, at the extremities of which are disposed the ribbon-carriers 7c, in this instance, consisting of a. plurality of spools between which extend three ribbons, R, R, R- passing through guides underlydiate of the ribbon-carriers, is a ribbonguide k Extending rearward from the frame K is a rack-bar k with which meshes a pinion k darried by a short vertical shaft k", upon the upper end of which is a bevelgear-wheel I0 and with this meshes a bevel gear k disposed on ashort horizontal shaft is, at the forward end of which is a segment-piece is, marked. with the designations Rd (for red), Bk .(for black),

and, Gr (for green), the segment being far enough to therear, the printing will, of a course, be exposed to view, and vision thereof is. facilitated. by the arrangement of the keys, as already described. The ribbon:

and movable therewith, an

Secured to the frame K 'and extending forward therefrom interme-v spools may be rotated in any appropriate manner and by suitable mechanism to efi'ect feeding thereof, such mechanism deriving movement by bein connected with the typebar operating mec anism, as usual;

In Figs. 9 to 11, inclusive, I have shown an arrangement wherein the book-supporting and operating-devices are omitted,. and

the writing-mechanism and platen are stationary relative to the table-top. This form of machine is particularly adapted for writnot rest at its front upon'the cross-bar b By this arrangement, the; ;tilting of the platen and the tracks or rails independent one of the other isrenderedpossible.

Having thus' described my invention, what I claim and desire to secureby Letters-Patent is 1. In a typewriter, the combination with a flat-platen, of tracks or rails disposed adjacent to, but independent of and normally occupying a plane jawayfrom the platen to present a clear space between said platen and the tracks or rails, a carriage suspended from said tracks, a second carriage mounted on said first-mentioned carriage, downwardacting writin -mechanism mounted on the last-mentione carriage, line-, and letterspacing mechanisms mounted on the firstand I last-mentioned carriages respectively key-mechanism for operating the said writing-mechanism, substantially as described. V

2. In a typewriter, the combination with a tiltable flat platenelevated tracks disposed above and movable independent of, and normally occupying a plane awa from, the platen, the platen being hinge at its one edge, being tiltable independent of the tracks, and constructed to be elevated bodily with the tracks, a traveling carriage suspended from said tracks, downward-acting writing-mechanism mounted in said traveling carria e, letterand linespaci ng mechanlsm, an key-mechanism for operating the writing-mechanism, substantially as described.

a 3. In a typewriter, the combination with a flat platen, a downward-acting writing mechanism operable longitudinally and transversely over said platen and, elevated tracks normally located a distance away from.the operative surface of the platen and constituting-asupport for the writing-med,

anism, means cooperating with said elevated tracks for effecting line-spacing of the writingsmechanism and means for efiecting letter-spacing of the writing-mechanism, sub-- stantially as described.

4. In a typewriter, the combination with -a flat platen, a downward-acting writing mechanism operable longitudinally and transversely over said platen, and elevated tracks, normall located a distance away from the operative surface of the platen and constituting a support for the writing-mechanism, and means cooperating with said elevated tracks for eifectin line-spacing of the writing-mechanism, u stantially as described. v

5-. In a typewriter, the combination with a'flat platen, a downward-acting writingmechanism operable longitudinally and transversely, over said platen, and elevated tracks, norm-ally located a distance away from the'operative surface of the platen and constituting a support for the writing-mechanism, instrument-alities supported upon the writing-mechanism and cod erating with' said elevated tracks'to efiect 'ne-s acin of the writing-mechanism, and in e en mi; means for effecting letter-spacing hereof,

substantially as described.

6. In a ty ewriter, the combination-with a movable .at platen, downwardly-acting writin -mechanis m suspended above and free 0 the platen and constructed totravel transversely and longitudinally thereover,

key-members constituting a part of said writing-mechanismand arranged to present a central 0 en space for viewing the platen, substantial y asdeScribed.

7. In a typewriter, the combination with a movable'platen, tracks arranged above the platen and independent thereof, and means or efi'ecting movement of theplaten simultaneously with the tracks, substantiallyas described.

8. Ina typewritelythe combination with a flat platen, a supporting-member for sustaining the platen at its rear, track-members overlylng, but elevated above, the plane of the laten, and writing-mechanism suspended rom said track-members and ada ted to have travel transverse and longitudinal of the platen.

9. In a t ewriter, the combination with a flat, tiltab ie platen, a base constituting a support for the laten, a supporting-frame hinged to the ase independent of the platen, and writing-mechanism movable transversely and longitudinally over the laten and suspended from the supporting ame, substantially as described.

10. In a typewriter, the combination with writing-mechanism, of .a tiltable' platen,

tracks arrangeda distance away from theoperative surface of the platen and inde-' endent thereof to present a clear space Between theplaten and the tracks, and constituting a support from which the writingthe platen,,and means for elevatin mechanism is suspended and means co5p crating with said tracks for effecting linespacing of the writing-mechanism, substantially as described.

11. In a typewriter, the combination with a flat platen, tracks arranged a distance away from. the operative surface of the platen and independent thereof to present a clearspace between the platen and the tracks, a longitudinally-movable carriage suspended from the tracks, a transverselymovable carriage, means provided on the laterally-movable carriage for efi'ecting letter-s acing, and means disposed on the lon ing-tracks disposed above and away from the platen, movable standards for sustaining'said tracks and constituting a support for the platen, a writing-mechanism carriage supported and movable upon said tracks,

and means for moving said standards and adapted to elevate the Writingrmechanisln carriage. v v

14. In a typewriter, a flat platen, movable tracks connected. together to constitute. a frame disposed a distance away fromthe operative surface of said platen, andmeans for elevating said tracks at their forward and rearends and, thus, throughout their extent substantially as described.

15. In a typewriter, a fiat platen, supporting tracks connected together to constitute a frame disposed a distance away from the operative surface of and independent of tracks at their forward and rear en sand, thus, throu hout their extent, substantially as describef. i

16., In a typewriter, a fiat platen, tiltable tracks connected. together to constitute a frame disposed a distance away from the operative surface of said platen, and means for moving said tracks at theinforward and rear ends and, thus, throughout their ex tent, substantially as described.- I

17/111 a typewriter, a flat platen, tiltable tracks connected together to constitute a said frame disposed a dlstance away from the operative surface of said platen, and means for. moving said tracks at their forward and rear ends and, thus, throughout their extent, substantially as described.

' 18.;In a typewriter, the combination with a fiat-platen, of tracks elevated .above the platen and having downward extending rout portions, a bar connecting said front 7 portions and adapted to form a support for and means cooperating with said tracks for effecting line-spacing of the writ1ng-mechamsm, substantially as described.

- 20. In a typewriter, the combination with a flat-platen, of a writing-mechanism, tiltable tracks disposed normally to occupy a position away from the platen and connected with each other for supporting the writing'mechanism, and instrumentalities cooperating with said tracks for effecting linespacin of the writing mechanism.

21. n a typewriter, a flat platem elevated tracks, upstanding standards upon which the tracks are arranged, and means for elevating the same to predetermined heights substantially as described.

22. In a t-ypewr1ter, the combination with a flat-platen, of a writing-mechanism, tracks elevated at a fixed height above and free of the platen, and instrumentalities cooperating with said tracks for effecting line-spacing of the writing-mechanism.

the combination with 23. In a typewriter, a tiltable fiat platen, of a writing mechanism, tracks hinged at their rear and connected at their forward ends and disposed to occu y, normally, a position above the plane 0 and away from, the operative sur- 7 face of the platen to present a clear space between the platen and tracks, and instrumentalities cooperating with said tracks for effecting line-spacing of the writing-mechanism.

24. In a typewriter,- the combination with a hinged, tiltable fiat platen, of a writing mechanism, tracks normally occupying a position above the plane of,.and elevated from the operative surface of, said platen to present a' clear space'between said tracks and platen, and instrumentalities cooperating with said tracks for effecting line-spacing of the writing-mechanism.

25. In a typewriter, the combination with a fiat platen, marginally-graduated, of elevated tiltable tracks, normally disposed to occupy a position away from theoperative surface 0 the platen, writing-mechanism carried thereby and carrying a pointer cooperating with the graduations on the '.platen to indicate line-spacing, substantially as described, I

26. In a typewriter, the combination with a flat platen, of work-holding clampingdevices bearing upon the upper surface of the platen, andmanuallyand foot-operated means for raising the clamping devices to permit insertion and withdrawal of the \vork,.substantially' as-described.

27. In a typewriter, a flat tiltable platen, tiltable tracks disposed normally away from the operative surface of and independent of the platen and connected at their forward ends, writin -mechanism supported on the tracks and movable transversely and longitudinally over the platen, instrumentalities cooperating with said tiltable tracks for effecting line-spacing of the writing-mechanism, and means carried by the tracks for limiting backward travel of the carriage, substantially as described.

28. In a typewriter, a flat platen, tiltable tracks connected at their forward ends and arranged normally away from the operativesurface of-the platen and free thereof, a rack-plate carried by the tracks, a writingmechanism carriage supported on the tracks,

and movable thereon longitudinally, and mechanism carried by the writing-mechanismcarriage and cooperating with the trackrack for effecting line-spacing of the writ ing-mechanism, substantially as escribed.

29. In a typewriter, a flat platen, elevated, tiltable tracks occupying a position a distance away from the operative surface ofthe platen, to present an interval between the platen and the tracks, a supporting frame carried thereby and movable longitudinally thereon, a "carriage disposed and movable transversely upon the supporting frame, means'for effecting movement of the carriage on the support-ingframe for letterspacing and instrumentalitie's coiipcrating with said elevated tracks for effecting linespacing of the carriage, substantially asdescribed.

30. In a typewriter, a flat platen, elevated tracks disposed above the platen, and at such 'a distance therefrom as to provide an interval between the platen and the tracks, a frame movable longitudinally upon the tracks, a carriage movable transversely upon the supporting-frame, carriage-self-propelling mechanism carried thereby and cooperating with said elevated tracks for efiecting travel of said movable frame for, and in the direction of, line-spacing, substantially-as described. 4

31. In a typewriter, aflat platen, elevated tracks disposed over the platen, a rack-bar carried on the underside. of the track, a snp- 

